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Lady Juliana Fermor was the fourth daughter of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Pomfret and his wife Anna Maria. In August 1751 she married Thomas Penn (1702-75) of Stoke Park, Buckinghamshire, a son of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. His father bequeathed Pennsylvania and its territories to his four sons as co-proprietors. Thomas spent the years between 1732-41 in the Province and after his brother's death became effective rule of the state. In 1771 he commissioned West's celebrated painting, William Penn's Treaty with the Indians (Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia).

Lady Juliana herself was a noted philanthropist and an enthusiastic supporter of a number of cultural institutions in Pennsylvania. Her gift in 1763 of books and globes to the recently founded library in Lancaster, Pennsylvania led to it being renamed The Juliana Library Company in her honour. A portrait of her was commissioned by the Library in 1772 from Benjamin West but is now missing.[1]

Lady Juliana and her four children were also painted by Reynolds between 1764-7.

1. Helmut Von Erffa & Alien Staley, The Paintings of Benjamin West, 1986, No.682, p. 542-3.